Techniques of genetic modification referred to in Article 2 (b) (i) are, inter alia:

(i) recombinant DNA techniques using vector systems as previously covered by Recommendation 82/472/EEC(1);

(ii) techniques involving the direct introduction into a micro-organism of heritable material prepared outside the micro-organism including micro-injection, macro-injection and micro-encapsulation;

(iii) cell fusion or hybridization techniques where live cells with new combinations of heritable genetic material are formed through the fusion of two or more cells by means of methods that do not occur naturally.

Techniques referred to in Article 2(b) (ii) which are not considered to result in genetic modification, on condition that they do not involve the use of recombinant-DNA molecules or genetically modified organisms:

(1) in vitro fertilization;

(2) conjugation, transduction, transformation or any other natural process;

(3) polyploidy induction.

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(1) OJ No 213, 21.7.1982, p. 15